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four-up and one-back formation

Толкование Перевод

1 four-up and one-back formation

Военный термин: боевой порядок с четырьмя подразделениями в первом эшелоне и одним во втором, боевой строй с четырьмя подразделениями в первом эшелоне и одним во втором

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > four-up and one-back formation
2 four-up and one-back formation

боевой порядок [строй] с четырьмя подразделениями в первом эшелоне и одним во втором

English-Russian military dictionary > four-up and one-back formation
3 formation

строй, боевой [походный] порядок, построение; ( войсковое) соединение; формирование; мор. ордер; строй; см. тж. order; unit

break the (enemy) formations — расстраивать боевые порядки (противника)

echelon left (right) formation — боевой порядок уступом влево [вправо]; ав. строй [боевой порядок] «левый [правый] пеленг»

— active formation

— ad hoc formation

— administrative type column formation

— adopt a formation

— air formation

— air portable formation

— ambush formation

— approach formation

— approach march formation

— armored formation

— assault formation

— assume a formation

— attack formation

— basic formation

— basic wedge formation

— battle formation

— be late for formation

— bounding overwatch formation

— box formation

— brigade-size formation

— broad formation

— circular formation

— close combat formation

— close fingertip formation

— close formation

— close formation

— clustered formation

— column formation with platoons in line

— column formation

— combat formation

— composite formation

— compound formation

— cruising formation

— defensive formation

— deployed formation

— diamond formation

— dismiss a formation

— dispersed columnar formation

— dispersed defensive formation

— dispersed formation

— disrupt a formation

— division formation

— divisional-size formation

— drill formation

— dual-based formation

— echelon formation

— enter a column formation

— enter a combat formation

— execute assault formations

— extend a formation

— extended column formation of groups

— extended defensive formation

— extended formation

— field formation

— fighting formation

— firing formation

— flanking formation

— flight formation

— formation in depth

— formation in line

— formation of communications channels

— formation of mixed arms

— four-up and one-back formation

— front formation

— full-strength formation

— ground formation

— guerrilla formation

— helicopter circle formation

— helicopter circular formation

— helicopter flight wedge formation

— herringbone formation

— high-density formation

— higher formation

— horseshoe formation

— immediate reinforcing formation

— in formation

— initial assault formation

— inspection formation

— inverted wedge formation

— landing formation

— lateral formation

— line abreast formation

— line ambush formation

— line astern formation

— line formation

— linear battle formation

— loose formation

— loose-line abreast formation

— L-shaped formation

— major combat formation

— major formation

— maneuver formation

— march formation

— mass formation

— mechanized formation

— mechanized infantry formation

— military formation

— morning formation

— mounted formation

— multiple column formation

— muster formation

— open formation

— operational formation

— pairs column formation

— partially deployed formation

— perimeter formation

— phony guerrilla formation

— pre-assault formation

— prebattle formation

— queuing formation

— raise a formation

— rectangle formation

— retreat formation

— reveille formation

— riot control formation

— route formation

— screening formation

— shake out into formation

— side-by-side formation

— skirmish formation

— snake formation

— spread-out bomber formation

— square formation

— staggered line formation

— tactical formation

— tactical meal formation

— take formation

— take up formation

— target formation

— three-up and one-back formation

— tight formation

— trail formation

— travelling formation

— two-up and one-back formation

— two-up formation

— V formation

— Vee formation

— wave formation

— wedge formation

— widely deployed formation

— widespread formation

— work formation

* * *

1) порядок; 2) соединения войск

English-Russian military dictionary > formation
4 Artificial Intelligence

   1) Programs and the Complexity of Human Mental Processes

   In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Is an Engineering Discipline

   Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)

   3) A Sceptical View of Artificial Intelligence

   Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inﬂated predictions....

   When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)

   4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, Eventually

   Just as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the Program

   Many problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)

   6) The Meaning of a Symbolic Description

   What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)

   7) The Principle of Artificial Intelligence

   [AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)

   8) Artificial Intelligence Recognizes the Need for Knowledge in Its Systems

   The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)

   9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract Form

   The basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)

    10) There Are Many Types of Reasoning

   There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:

    Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins ﬂy? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can ﬂy, so robins probably can ﬂy."

    Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)

    11) Programs Are Beginning to Do Things That Critics Have Asserted to Be Impossible

   Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)

    12) The Synthesis of Man and Machine

   Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)

    13) The Thesis of Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)

   The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)

    14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory Formation

   It is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)

    15) Four Kinds of Artificial Intelligence

   We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.

   ♦ Nonpsychological AI

   Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.

   ♦ Weak Psychological AI

   Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.

   ♦ Strong Psychological AI

... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)

   ♦ Suprapsychological AI

   Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)

    16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular Contexts

   Even if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)

    17) Form and Content Are Not Fundamentally Different

   Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    18) The Assumption That the Mind Is a Formal System

   Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)

    19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial Intelligence

   The primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.

   The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)

    20) Mathematical Logic Provides the Basis for Theory in AI

   The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....

   AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)

    21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary Propositions

   In artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)

    22) Definitions of Artificial Intelligence

   Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)

    23) The Computer Can Not Be a Model of the Mind

   Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)

    24) Computers Will Not Always Be Inferior to Human Brains

   The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
5 4-2-3-1

4-2-3-1-System n

■ Eher defensives Spielsystem, bestehend aus einer Vierer-Abwehrkette, zwei defensiven Mittelfeldspielern sowie drei offensiven Mittelfeldspielern, die in der Offensivbewegung versuchen, ihre Spitze anzuspielen.

Syn. 4-2-3-1 n

4-2-3-1

■ Relatively defensive formation using a back four, two holding midfielders to screen the defence but also to initiate attacks, three attacking midfielders and one forward.

German-english football dictionary > 4-2-3-1
6 4-2-3-1-System

4-2-3-1-System n

■ Eher defensives Spielsystem, bestehend aus einer Vierer-Abwehrkette, zwei defensiven Mittelfeldspielern sowie drei offensiven Mittelfeldspielern, die in der Offensivbewegung versuchen, ihre Spitze anzuspielen.

Syn. 4-2-3-1 n

4-2-3-1

■ Relatively defensive formation using a back four, two holding midfielders to screen the defence but also to initiate attacks, three attacking midfielders and one forward.

German-english football dictionary > 4-2-3-1-System
7 square

1. noun
1) (Geom.) Quadrat, das

2) (object, arrangement) Quadrat, das

carpet square — Teppichfliese, die

3) (on board in game) Feld, das

be or go back to square one — (fig. coll.) wieder von vorn anfangen müssen

4) (open area) Platz, der

5) (scarf) [quadratisches] Tuch

silk square — Seidentuch, das

6) (Mil.): (drill area) Kasernenhof, der

7) (Math.): (product) Quadrat, das

8) (coll.): (old-fashioned person) Spießer, der/Spießerin, die (abwertend)
2. adjective
1) quadratisch

2)

a square foot/mile/metre — etc. ein Quadratfuß/eine Quadratmeile/ein Quadratmeter usw.

a foot square — ein Fuß im Quadrat

3) (right-angled) rechtwink[e]lig

square with or to — im rechten Winkel zu

4) (stocky) gedrungen [Statur, Gestalt]

5) (in outline) rechteckig; eckig [Schultern, Kinn]

6) (quits) quitt (ugs.)

be [all] square — [völlig] quitt sein (ugs.); [Spieler:] gleich stehen; [Spiel:] unentschieden stehen
3. adverb
breit [sitzen]

put something square in the middle of something — etwas mitten auf etwas (Akk.) stellen

the ball hit him square on the head — der Ball traf ihn genau am Kopf
4. transitive verb
1) (make right-angled) rechtwinklig machen; vierkantig zuschneiden [Holz]

2) (place squarely)

square one's shoulders — seine Schultern straffen

3) (divide into squares) in Karos einteilen

squared paper — kariertes Papier

4) (Math.): (multiply) quadrieren

3 squared is 9 — 3 [im] Quadrat ist 9; 3 hoch 2 ist 9

5) (reconcile)

square something with something — etwas mit etwas in Einklang bringen

6)

square it with somebody — (coll.): (get somebody's approval) es mit jemandem klären
5. intransitive verb
(be consistent) übereinstimmen

something does not square with something — etwas steht nicht im Einklang mit etwas

it just does not square — hier stimmt doch etwas nicht

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/91998/square_up">square up

* * *
[skweə] 1. noun
1) (a four-sided two-dimensional figure with all sides equal in length and all angles right angles.) das Quadrat

2) (something in the shape of this.) das Quadrat

3) (an open place in a town, with the buildings round it.) der Platz

4) (the resulting number when a number is multiplied by itself: 3 × 3, or 3² = 9, so 9 is the square of 3.) das Quadrat
2. adjective
1) (having the shape of a square or right angle: I need a square piece of paper; He has a short, square body / a square chin.) quadratisch

2) ((of business dealings, scores in games etc) level, even, fairly balanced etc: If I pay you an extra $5 shall we be (all) square?; Their scores are( all) square (= equal).) quitt

3) (measuring a particular amount on all four sides: This piece of wood is two metres square.) im Quadrat

4) (old-fashioned: square ideas about clothes.) spießig
3. adverb
1) (at right angles, or in a square shape: The carpet is not cut square with the corner.) rechteckig

2) (firmly and directly: She hit him square on the point of the chin.) direkt
4. verb
1) (to give a square shape to or make square.) quadratisch machen

2) (to settle, pay etc (an account, debt etc): I must square my account with you.) begleichen

3) (to (cause to) fit or agree: His story doesn't square with the facts.) übereinstimmen

4) (to multiply a number by itself: Two squared is four.) quadrieren

•

- squared
- squarely
- square centimetre
- metre
- square root
- fair and square
- go back to square one
- a square deal
* * *

square

[skweəʳ, AM skwer]

I. n

1. (shape) Quadrat nt

to cut sth into \squares etw in Quadrate zerschneiden

to fold sth into a \square etw zu einem Quadrat falten

2. (street) Platz m

town \square zentraler Platz

3. (marked space) Spielfeld nt

to go back to \square one, to start again from \square one ( fam) wieder von vorne beginnen

4. AM, AUS (tool) Winkelmaß nt

5. ( dated fam: boring person) Langweiler(in) m(f)

6. (number times itself) Quadratzahl f

7.

▶ to be there or be \square (sl) einfach dabei sein müssen

II. adj

1. (square-shaped) piece of paper, etc. quadratisch; face kantig

\square shoulders (of person) breite Schultern; (of coat) gepolsterte Schultern

2. inv (on each side) im Quadrat; (when squared) zum Quadrat; metre, mile Quadrat-

3. ( fam: level) plan

to be [all] \square auf gleich sein fam

they're all \square at thirty points each sie liegen mit je dreißig Punkten gleichauf

4. ( fam or dated: stupid) bescheuert sl

to look \square bescheuert aussehen sl

5. (straight) gerade

to keep sth \square etw gerade halten

III. adv inv direkt, geradewegs

IV. vt

1. (make square)

▪ to \square sth etw quadratisch machen; (make right-angled) etw rechtwinklig machen

to \square one's shoulders die Schultern straffen

▪ to \square sth with sth etw mit etw dat in Übereinstimmung bringen

2. (settle)

▪ to \square sth matter etw in Ordnung bringen

let's \square our accounts rechnen wir ab

3. ECON

▪ to \square sth etw glattstellen

book-squaring Glattstellen nt von Positionen

4. MATH

▪ to \square sth etw quadrieren, die Quadratzahl einer S. gen berechnen

5. SPORT (tie)

▪ to \square sth etw ausgleichen

to \square a match ein Match auf Gleichstand bringen

6.

▶ to attempt to \square the circle die Quadratur des Kreises versuchen geh

V. vi

▪ to \square with sth mit etw dat übereinstimmen

* * *
[skwɛə(r)]
1. n

1) (= shape, Geometry, on graph paper) Quadrat nt

a 6 metre square — 6 Meter im Quadrat

2) (piece of material, paper etc) (= perfect square) Quadrat nt; (= rectangle) Viereck nt; (on chessboard etc) Feld nt; (on paper) Kästchen nt, Karo nt; (in crossword) Kästchen nt; (= check on material etc) Karo nt; (= head square) Kopftuch nt

form yourselves into a square — stellen Sie sich im Viereck auf

cut it in squares — schneiden Sie es quadratisch or in Quadrate zu

to start (again) from square one (fig) — noch einmal von vorne anfangen

we're back to square one — jetzt sind wir wieder da, wo wir angefangen haben

3) (in town) Platz m; (US of houses) Block m; (MIL = barrack square) (Kasernen)platz m

4) (MATH) Quadrat(zahl f) nt

the square of 3 is 9 — 3 hoch 2 or 3 (im) Quadrat ist 9

5) (TECH) Winkelmaß nt; (= set square) Zeichendreieck nt; (= T-square) Reißschiene f;

6) (MIL: battle formation) Karree nt

7) (inf: conventional person) Spießer(in) m(f) (inf)

to be a square — von (vor)gestern sein

2. adj (+er)

1) (in shape) quadratisch; picture, lawn etc viereckig, quadratisch; nib viereckig; block of wood etc vierkantig

to be a square peg in a round hole — am falschen Platz sein

2) (= forming right angle) angle recht; corner rechtwinklig; shoulder eckig; chin, jaw kantig, eckig; build vierschrötig

square bracket — eckige Klammer

3) (MATH) Quadrat-

3 square kilometres — 3 Quadratkilometer

3 metres square — 3 Meter im Quadrat

there wasn't a square inch of space left — es war kein Zentimeter Platz mehr

4) attr (= complete) meal anständig, ordentlich

5) (= fair) deal gerecht, fair; dealings, game, person ehrlich

to give sb a square deal — jdn gerecht or fair behandeln

to get a square deal — fair behandelt werden

I'll be square with you — ich will ehrlich or offen mit dir sein

6) (fig

= even) to be square (accounts etc) — in Ordnung sein

to get square with sb — mit jdm abrechnen

we are (all) square (Sport) — wir stehen beide/alle gleich; (fig) jetzt sind wir quitt

he wanted to be square with his creditors —

we can start again all square — wir sind wieder quitt

7) (inf: conventional) überholt, verstaubt; person, ideas spießig (inf)

he's square — er ist von (vor)gestern

be there or be square! — das kann man sich nicht entgehen lassen!

3. adv (+er)

1) (= at right angles) rechtwinklig

square with sth — im rechten Winkel or senkrecht zu etw

2) (= directly) direkt, genau

to hit sb square in the chest — jdn voll in die Brust treffen

to look sb square in the eye — jdm direkt in die Augen schauen

to be square in the middle of sth — mitten in etw (dat) drin sein

he kissed her square on the mouth — er küsste sie direkt auf den Mund

3)

(= parallel) to stand square — gerade stehen

he turned to face me square on — er wandte sich mir voll zu

to be square with or to sth — parallel zu etw ausgerichtet sein

4) (= honestly) ehrlich, fair → fair

See:

→ fair

4. vt

1) (= make square) quadratisch machen; (= make a right angle) rechtwinklig machen

to square one's shoulders —

to square a block of wood (= cut square) — einen Holzklotz vierkantig zuschneiden

to try to square the circle —

he squared the ball to Gascoigne — er spielte einen Querpass auf Gascoigne

to square a match — in einem Spiel gleichziehen

2) (MATH) number quadrieren

3 squared is 9 — 3 hoch 2 or 3 (im) Quadrat ist 9

3) (= adjust) debts begleichen; creditors abrechnen mit; (= reconcile) in Einklang bringen

to square one's accounts — abrechnen (with mit)

to square sth with one's conscience — etw mit seinem Gewissen vereinbaren or in Einklang bringen

I'll square it with the porter (inf) — ich mache das mit dem Portier ab (inf)

4) (inf: bribe) schmieren (inf)

5. vi
übereinstimmen
* * *

square [skweə(r)]

A s

1. MATH Quadrat n (Figur)

2. Quadrat n, Viereck n, quadratisches Stück (Glas, Stoff etc), Karo n

3. Feld n (eines Brettspiels):

be back to square one fig wieder da sein, wo man angefangen hat; wieder ganz am Anfang stehen

4. US Häuserblock m, -viereck n

5. (öffentlicher) Platz:

Trafalgar Square

6. TECH

a) Winkel(maß) m(n), Anschlagwinkel m

b) besonders Zimmerei: Geviert n:

by the square fig genau, exakt;

on the square im rechten Winkel, fig umg ehrlich, anständig, in Ordnung;

out of square nicht rechtwink(e)lig, fig nicht in Ordnung;

be out of square with nicht übereinstimmen mit, im Widerspruch stehen zu; → T square

7. MATH Quadrat(zahl) n(f):

in the square im Quadrat

8. MIL Karree n

9. (Wort-, Zahlen) Quadrat n

10. ARCH Säulenplatte f

11. Buchbinderei: vorspringender Rand

12. Drehzapfen m (der Uhr)

13. sl Spießer(in)

B v/t

1. auch square off quadratisch oder rechtwink(e)lig machen

2. auch square off in Quadrate einteilen, Papier etc karieren

3. MATH

a) den Flächeninhalt berechnen von (oder gen)

b) eine Zahl quadrieren, ins Quadrat erheben:

three squared drei zum Quadrat

c) eine Figur quadrieren, in ein Quadrat verwandeln: → circle A 1

4. auf seine Abweichung vom rechten Winkel oder von der Geraden oder von der Ebene prüfen

5. TECH

a) vierkantig formen oder behauen oder zuschneiden, Holz abvieren

b) im rechten Winkel anbringen

6. SCHIFF Rahen vierkant brassen

7. die Schultern straffen

8. ausgleichen

9. SPORT den Kampf unentschieden beenden: → account C 1,

a) eine Schuld begleichen

b) einen Gläubiger befriedigen

10. fig in Einklang bringen ( with mit), anpassen (to an akk)

11. sl

a) jemanden schmieren, bestechen

b) meist square away eine Sache regeln, in Ordnung bringen

C v/i

1. oft square up, US square off in Boxerstellung gehen:

square up to sb sich vor jemandem aufpflanzen umg;

square up to a problem ein Problem angehen oder anpacken

2. (with) in Einklang stehen (mit), passen (zu)

3. seine Angelegenheiten in Ordnung bringen:

square up WIRTSCH abrechnen ( with mit) (a. fig)

4. auch square by the lifts and braces SCHIFF vierkant brassen

D adj (adv squarely)

1. MATH quadratisch, Quadrat…:

square mile;

square pyramid quadratische Pyramide;

square root (Quadrat)Wurzel f;

square unit Flächeneinheit f; → measure A 1

2. MATH … im Quadrat:

a table 3 feet square

3. rechtwink(e)lig, im rechten Winkel (stehend) (to zu)

4. (vier)eckig (Tisch etc): → bracket A 5

5. TECH Viereck…, Vierkant…: → peg A 1

6. breit(schulterig), vierschrötig, stämmig (Person)

7. SCHIFF Vierkant…, ins Kreuz gebrasst

8. gleichmäßig, gerade, eben (Fläche etc)

9. fig in Einklang (stehend) ( with mit), in Ordnung:

get things square die Sache in Ordnung bringen

10. WIRTSCH

a) abgeglichen (Konten)

b) quitt:

get (all) square with sb mit jemandem quitt werden (a. fig);

at half time the teams were (all) square SPORT zur Halbzeit stand das Spiel unentschieden

11. umg

a) reell, anständig

b) ehrlich, offen: → deal¹ C 2

12. klar, deutlich (Ablehnung etc):

the problem must be faced squarely das Problem muss klar ins Auge gefasst werden

13. umg ordentlich, anständig (Mahlzeit etc)

14. … zu viert:

a square game ( party, etc)

15. sl altmodisch, spießig:

turn square verspießern

E adv

1. quadratisch, (recht-, vier-)eckig

2. umg anständig, ehrlich

3. US mitten, direkt

sq. abk

1. sequence

2. MIL squadron

3. square

* * *
1. noun
1) (Geom.) Quadrat, das

2) (object, arrangement) Quadrat, das

carpet square — Teppichfliese, die

3) (on board in game) Feld, das

be or go back to square one — (fig. coll.) wieder von vorn anfangen müssen

4) (open area) Platz, der

5) (scarf) [quadratisches] Tuch

silk square — Seidentuch, das

6) (Mil.): (drill area) Kasernenhof, der

7) (Math.): (product) Quadrat, das

8) (coll.): (old-fashioned person) Spießer, der/Spießerin, die (abwertend)
2. adjective
1) quadratisch

2)

a square foot/mile/metre — etc. ein Quadratfuß/eine Quadratmeile/ein Quadratmeter usw.

a foot square — ein Fuß im Quadrat

3) (right-angled) rechtwink[e]lig

square with or to — im rechten Winkel zu

4) (stocky) gedrungen [Statur, Gestalt]

5) (in outline) rechteckig; eckig [Schultern, Kinn]

6) (quits) quitt (ugs.)

be [all] square — [völlig] quitt sein (ugs.); [Spieler:] gleich stehen; [Spiel:] unentschieden stehen
3. adverb
breit [sitzen]

put something square in the middle of something — etwas mitten auf etwas (Akk.) stellen

the ball hit him square on the head — der Ball traf ihn genau am Kopf
4. transitive verb
1) (make right-angled) rechtwinklig machen; vierkantig zuschneiden [Holz]

2) (place squarely)

square one's shoulders — seine Schultern straffen

3) (divide into squares) in Karos einteilen

squared paper — kariertes Papier

4) (Math.): (multiply) quadrieren

3 squared is 9 — 3 [im] Quadrat ist 9; 3 hoch 2 ist 9

5) (reconcile)

square something with something — etwas mit etwas in Einklang bringen

6)

square it with somebody — (coll.): (get somebody's approval) es mit jemandem klären
5. intransitive verb
(be consistent) übereinstimmen

something does not square with something — etwas steht nicht im Einklang mit etwas

it just does not square — hier stimmt doch etwas nicht

Phrasal Verbs:

- square up

* * *

(in a town) n.

Platz ¨-e m. adj.

quadratisch adj.

viereckig adj.

vierschrötig adj. n.

Karo -s n.

Quadrat -e (Mathematik) n.

Quadrat -e n.

Viereck -e n.

zweite Potenz f. v.

abgleichen v.

ausgleichen v.

English-german dictionary > square
8 march

̈ɪmɑ:tʃ I
1. сущ.;
обыкн. pl
1) ист. марка( спорная полоса - обычно между Англией и Уэльсом или Шотландией) the Welsh marches ≈ пределы Уэльса Syn: boundary, border
1., frontier
2) а) науч. граница, предел( между зонами, ареалами обитания кого-л. и т. п.) б) граница, кордон( между странами, округами и т.п.) Syn: boundary, border
1., frontier
2. гл. граничить, иметь общую границу (с чем-л. upon, with)...a region that marches with Canada in the north and the Pacific in the west... ≈... территория, граничащая с Канадой на севере и с Тихим океаном на западе... Syn: border, border upon II
1. сущ.
1) а) воен. походное движение, марш;
передвижение войск to be in a (full) march ≈ быть в пути( и поспешать) The troops were (up) on their way to help us. ≈ Отряды уже подходили к нам на помощь. march formation march capacity column of march line of march march out б) демонстрация, марш ( протеста и т. п.) hunger march ≈ марш против голода peace march ≈ марш мира
2) а) миграция, переселение;
переход( животных из одного ареала в другой) I knew the elephants would be on the march again before daylight. ≈ Я знал, что, едва рассветет, слоны снова отправятся в путь. б) (относительно человека) трудный поход, тяжелый переход I have had a long march to reach this place. ≈ Мне пришлось проделать немалый путь, чтобы добраться сюда.
3) перен. а) (жизненный) путь Voltaire's march was prepared for him, before he was born. ≈ Жизненный путь Вольтера был ему предначертан еще до рождения. б) путь, путешествие;
ход (о физических объектах и т. п.) The winter sun, accomplishing his early march. ≈ Солнце, закончившее свой краткий зимний бег. в) ход, течение, развитие (времени, событий и т. п.) ;
проистечение (процессов) The regular march of history (of time/events). ≈ Естественный ход истории (времени/событий). No exact description is given of the march of the spasms. ≈ Нет точного описания природы и характера спазмов. г) эволюция, развитие, прогресс (знания, популяции и т. п.) The march of the population in both periods seems to have been nearly the same. ≈ Развитие вида в оба периода происходило примерно одинаково. march of intellect mind
4) дневной марш, однодневный переход;
расстояние, покрываемое ( войском) за один день пути one/two/three etc. day's march ≈ одно- (двух-, трех и т. д.) дневный переход forced march Syn: journey
1.
5) строевой шаг double march, quick march, slow march ≈ двойной/скорый/тихий шаг
6) муз. марш to compose a march ≈ сочинять марш to play a march ≈ играть марш to strike up a march ≈ начинать марш funeral( dead) march ≈ похоронный марш military march ≈ военный марш wedding march ≈ свадебный марш
7) воен. барабанная дробь, сопровождающая движение войска
8) шахм. ход фигурой
2. гл.
1) а) маршировать, идти строем;
двигаться колонной;
выступать в походном порядке to march in cadence/single file ≈ идти, маршировать в ногу/в затылок to march four/six/eight abreast ≈ идти, маршировать шеренгами по четыре/шесть/восемь march ahead march on march away march home march off march out march forth march in march past march in review б) выступать, устраивать демонстрации, марши (протеста и т. п. - обык. against) ;
протестовать Doctors march in Vienna. (1972 Times 19 Oct.) ≈ Марш протеста врачей в Вене. (заголовок в "Таймс") Syn: protest
2.
2) а) идти, вышагивать (демонстративно, обиженно, нервно, решительно и т. п.) ;
дефилировать( обык. с up, down, off, on, out etc.) Miss Ophelia marched straight to her own chamber. ≈ Мисс Офелия проследовала прямо в свой покой. She marched up to me and slapped me violently on the face. ≈ Она решительно подошла ко мне и влепила мне крепкую пощечину. б) (о неодушевленных объектах) проходить, проплывать;
двигаться (тж. плавно, величаво и т. п.) Without a strain the great ship marches by. ≈ Большой корабль скользит легко, непринужденно. ∙ Syn: go
1., proceed
2), travel
2.
2)
3) а) вести, выводить( войска, отряды и т. п.) ;
вести строем The army was triumphantly marched into the city. ≈ Армия с триумфом вступила в город. б) уводить;
проводить, выпроводить( обык. с off, out, to etc.) I should be glad to march you to the gate. ≈ Я был бы только рад проводить вас до ворот. The children were too noisy and had to be march off to bed. ≈ Дети слишком шумели, и их пришлось отправить спать. Syn: usher
2., see off, expel
4) тж. воен. проходить, преодолевать, покрывать( какое-л. расстояние, дистанцию и т. п.) Syn: cover
2.
6)
5) перен. продвигаться, проходить, двигаться, идти, течь( о времени, событиях и т. п.) ;
прогрессировать (тж. march on) His symptoms marched rapidly to their result. ≈ Симптомы его болезни скоро дали о себе знать - ему стало хуже. After this events marched quickly. ≈ После этого ход событий развивался стремительно. advance, proceed
1), progress
2.
6) стоять, располагаться;
расти рядами (наподобие шеренг и т. п.)...pine trees marching up the mountainside... ≈...сосны рядами сбегают вниз по склону... ∙ march off (военное) марш, походное движение - quick * быстрый марш - * capacity( военное) способность войск к передвижению;
подвижность;
скорость передвижения - * column походная колонна - * depth глубина( походной) колонны - * formation походный строй - * in review торжественный /церемониальный/ марш - * home отход, отступление - * on Rome поход на Рим - on the * на марше - the army was on the * at six o'clock в шесть часов утра армия уже двигалась вперед - at the * походным шагом, маршируя - the soldiers went past at the * солдаты промаршировали мимо - in * time в ритме марша (военное) переход;
суточный переход (тж. a day's *) - short * короткий переход - line of * направление движения колонны - it was a long * это был долгий переход - a * of ten miles десятимильный переход - to do a day's * совершить суточный переход - the army is within two *es of the Ebro армия находится на расстоянии двух( суточных) переходов от Эбро (обыкн. the *) ход, развитие (событий и т. п.) - the * of time ход времени - the * of history ход /развитие/ истории (обыкн. the *) прогресс, развитие (науки и т. п.) - the * of science прогресс /успехи/ науки - the * of mind развитие человеческого ума марш, демонстрация - a May-day * первомайская демонстрация - peace * марш мира - antinuclear * демонстрация против ядерной угрозы - hunger * марш безработных (спортивное) маршировка( музыкальное) марш - dead /funeral/ * похоронный марш (военное) барабанный бой( на марше) (шахматное) ход (фигурой) > to steal a * on smb. (военное) опередить( противника) ;
совершить марш скрытно( от противника) ;
незаметно опередить кого-л.;
обмануть чью-л. бдительность;
получить преимущество над кем-л. (военное) маршировать, двигаться походным порядком - to * ahead идти /двигаться/ вперед - to * out /forth, off/ выходить, выступать ( в поход) ;
начинать марш /походное движение/ - to * past проходить мимо;
(военное) проходить торжественным маршем - to * on продвигаться вперед, продолжать движение вперед - the soldiers *ed on солдаты все шли вперед, продолжали идти вперед - time *es on время идет не останавливаясь - to * in cadence идти в ногу - to * in single file идти гуськом;
идти в затылок - to * in step with the music маршировать под музыку - to * in review проходить торжественным маршем - to * four abreast идти /маршировать/ по четыре в ряд, маршировать шеренгами по четыре - the troops *ed into the town войска вошли /вступили/ в город (походным порядком) - when the soldiers *ed in когда солдаты вошли /вступили/ (в город, деревню и т. п.) - forward *! шагом марш!;
прямо! - quick *! строевым /походным/ шагом марш! совершить марш, переход - to * forty miles сделать сорокамильный переход маршировать, ходить размеренным шагом - he *ed up and down the station platform он ходил взад и вперед по платформе резко, демонстративно вышагивать (тж. * off, * up) - she *ed off in disgust ей стало противно, она повернулась и ушла - with these words he *ed out of the room с этими словами он демонстративно вышел из комнаты - he *ed up to her он решительно подошел к ней( военное) вести строем - to * the troops вывести войска в поход - to * one's army into a country ввести свою армию в какую-л. страну - he *ed them up to the top of the hill он повел их строем на вершину холма уводить;
заставлять уйти - to * smb. to the door заставить кого-л. идти к двери - to * smb. out выводить, выпроваживать кого-л. - to * the prisoner away /off/ увести заключенного или пленного - two policemen promptly *ed the burglar to prison двое полицейских быстро препроводили взломщика в тюрьму - I caught him running off and *ed him back я поймал его, когда он убегал, и препроводил обратно - she *ed the child up to bed она увела ребенка (наверх) в спальню (историческое) марка, пограничная или спорная полоса;
граница - the Marches пограничная полоса между Англией и Шотландией или Англией и Уэльсом (редкое) граничить - our territory *es with theirs наша территория граничит с их (территорией) march вести строем ~ (обыкн. pl) граница;
пограничная или спорная полоса ~ граничить March: March март ~ attr. мартовский march: march муз. марш ~ воен. марш;
походное движение;
суточный переход (тж. day's march) ~ attr. маршевый, походный;
march formation походный порядок ~ маршировать;
двигаться походным порядком ~ спорт. маршировка ~ уводить;
заставлять уйти;
march ahead идти вперед ~ (the ~) ход, развитие (событий) ;
успехи (науки и т. п.) ~ уводить;
заставлять уйти;
march ahead идти вперед ~ away уводить ~ attr. маршевый, походный;
march formation походный порядок ~ off выступать, уходить;
отводить ~ on продвигаться вперед ~ out выступать;
выходить;
march past проходить церемониальным маршем ~ out выступать;
выходить;
march past проходить церемониальным маршем ~ past прохождение церемониальным маршем

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > march
9 in

in [ɪn]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. preposition

2. adverb

3. adjective

4. plural noun

5. compounds

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1. preposition

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When in is an element in a phrasal verb, eg ask in, fill in, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg in danger, weak in, look up the other word.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

   a. (place) dans

• in the box dans la boîte

• in the street dans la rue

► in it/them ( = inside it, inside them) dedans

• our bags were stolen, and our passports were in them on nous a volé nos sacs et nos passeports étaient dedans

   b. (people, animals, plants) chez

• a condition rare in a child of that age une maladie rare chez un enfant de cet âge

• you find this instinct in animals on trouve cet instinct chez les animaux

• it's something I admire in her c'est quelque chose que j'admire chez elle

   c. (with geographical names)

► in + feminine countries, regions, islands en

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Feminine countries usually end in -e.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• in England en Angleterre

• in Provence en Provence

• in Sicily en Sicile

• in Louisiana en Louisiane

• in Cornwall en Cornouailles

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► en is also used with masculine countries beginning with a vowel or silent h.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• in Israel en Israël

► in + masculine country au

• in Japan/Kuwait au Japon/Koweït

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Note also the following:

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• in the Sahara au Sahara

► in + plural country/group of islands aux

• in the United States aux États-Unis► in + town/island without article à

• in London à Londres

• in Cuba à Cuba► in + masculine state/French region/county dans

• in Poitou dans le Poitou

• in Sussex dans le Sussex

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► dans is also used with islands with île in their name, and with many departments.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• in the Isle of Man dans l'île de Man

• in the Var dans le Var

• in the Vendée en Vendée

   d. (with time expressions) ( = in the space of) en ; ( = after) dans

• I can't do it in two hours je ne peux pas le faire en deux heures

• he has written twice in three years il a écrit deux fois en trois ans

• it'll be ready in three hours ce sera prêt dans trois heures

• I'll be back in a week je reviendrai dans une semaine

• once in a hundred years une fois tous les cent ans

   e. (month, year, season) en

• in May en mai

• in 2001 en 2001

• in summer/autumn/winter en été/automne/hiver

• in spring au printemps

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Look up the noun when translating such phrases as in the morning, in the end.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

   f. ( = wearing) en

• they were all in shorts ils étaient tous en short

• in his slippers en pantoufles

• you look nice in that dress tu es jolie dans cette robe

   g. (language, medium, material) en

• in French en français

• in marble/velvet en marbre/velours

   h. (ratio) sur

• one man in ten un homme sur dix

• a one in fifty chance of survival une chance sur cinquante de survie

   i. (following superlative) de

• the highest mountain in Europe la plus haute montagne d'Europe

   j. ( = while) en

• in trying to save her he fell into the water himself en essayant de la sauver, il est tombé à l'eau

2. adverb

   a. ( = inside) à l'intérieur

• she opened the door and they all rushed in elle a ouvert la porte et ils se sont tous précipités à l'intérieur

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When in means in it or in them, it is translated by y.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• she opened her bag and put the ticket in elle a ouvert son sac et y a mis le billet

   b. (at home, work)

► to be in [person] être là

• the boss isn't in yet le patron n'est pas encore là

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► When in means at home, chez + pronoun can also be used.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• he's usually in on Saturday morning il est généralement chez lui le samedi matin

• you're never in! tu n'es jamais chez toi !

• is Paul in? est-ce que Paul est là ?

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► to be in may require a more specific translation.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• the essays have to be in by Friday les dissertations doivent être rendues d'ici vendredi

   c. (set structures)

► in between + noun/pronoun entre

• he positioned himself in between the two weakest players il s'est placé entre les deux joueurs les plus faibles

• in between adventures, he finds time for... entre deux aventures, il trouve le temps de...► to be in for sth ( = be threatened with)

we are in for trouble (inf) nous allons avoir des ennuis

• you don't know what you're in for! (inf) tu ne sais pas ce qui t'attend !

• he's in for it! (inf) il va en prendre pour son grade ! (inf)► to be in on sth (inf) ( = know about)

to be in on a secret être au courant d'un secret► in that ( = seeing that)

the new treatment is preferable in that... le nouveau traitement est préférable car...► to be well in with sb (inf) être dans les petits papiers de qn (inf)

• she's well in with the management elle est bien avec la direction

3. adjective

( = fashionable) (inf) à la mode

• it's the in place to eat c'est le restaurant branché (inf) en ce moment

• it's the in thing to... c'est très à la mode de...

4. plural noun

• to know the ins and outs of a matter connaître les tenants et aboutissants d'une affaire

• she knows the ins and outs of the system elle connaît le système dans ses moindres détails

5. compounds

► in-built adjective [tendency] inné ; [feature, device] intégré

► in-car entertainment system noun autoradio m

► the in-crowd (inf) noun les branchés (inf) mpl

• to be in with the in-crowd faire partie des branchés (inf) ► in-depth adjective en profondeur

► in-group noun cercle m fermé

► in-house adjective [training] en entreprise adverb [train, produce] en interne

► in-joke noun plaisanterie f pour initiés

► in-laws (inf) plural noun

( = parents-in-law) beaux-parents mpl ; (others) belle-famille f

► in-patient noun malade mf hospitalisé (e)

► in-service education noun (US) formation f continue

► in-service training noun formation f continue

• to have in-service training faire un stage d'initiation ► in-store adjective [detective] employé par le magasin

► in-tray noun corbeille f « arrivée »

* * *

Note: in is often used after verbs in English ( join in, tuck in, result in, write in etc). For translations, consult the appropriate verb entry (join, tuck, result, write etc)

If you have doubts about how to translate a phrase or expression beginning with in ( in a huff, in business, in trouble etc) you should consult the appropriate noun entry (huff, business, trouble etc)

This dictionary contains usage notes on such topics as age, countries, dates, islands, months, towns and cities etc. Many of these use the preposition in. For the index to these notes

For examples of the above and particular functions and uses of in, see the entry below
[ɪn] 1.
preposition

1) ( expressing location or position)

in Paris — à Paris

in Spain — en Espagne

in school — à l'école

in prison/town — en prison/ville

in the film/newspaper — dans le film/journal

I'm in here! — je suis là!; bath, bed

2) (inside, within) dans

in the box — dans la boîte

there's something in it — il y a quelque chose dedans or à l'intérieur

3) ( expressing a subject or field) dans

in insurance — dans les assurances; course, expert

4) (included, involved)

to be in politics — faire de la politique

to be in the team — faire partie de l'équipe

to be in on the secret — (colloq) être dans le secret

I wasn't in on it — (colloq) je n'étais pas dans le coup (colloq)

5) ( in expressions of time)

in May — en mai

in 1987 — en 1987

in the night — pendant la nuit

in the twenties — dans les années 20

at four in the morning — à quatre heures du matin

day in day out — tous les jours (sans exception)

6) ( within the space of) en

to do something in 10 minutes — faire quelque chose en 10 minutes

7) ( expressing the future) dans

I'll be back in half an hour — je serai de retour dans une demi-heure

8) ( for) depuis

it hasn't rained in weeks — il n'a pas plu depuis des semaines, ça fait des semaines qu'il n'a pas plu

9) (during, because of) dans

in his hurry he forgot his keys — dans sa précipitation il a oublié ses clés

10) ( with reflexive pronouns)

it's no bad thing in itself — ce n'est pas une mauvaise chose en soi

how do you feel in yourself? — est-ce que tu as le moral?; itself

11) (present in, inherent in)

you see it in children — on le rencontre chez les enfants

it's rare in cats — c'est rare chez les chats

he hasn't got it in him to succeed — il n'est pas fait pour réussir

there's something in what he says — il y a du vrai dans ce qu'il dit

12) (expressing colour, composition) en

available in several colours — disponible en plusieurs couleurs

13) ( dressed in) en

in a skirt — en jupe

dressed in black — habillé en noir

14) ( expressing manner or medium)

in German — en allemand

in B flat — en si bémol

‘no,’ he said in a whisper — ‘non,’ a-t-il chuchoté

chicken in a white wine sauce — du poulet à la sauce au vin blanc

in pencil/in ink — au crayon/à l'encre

15) ( as regards)

rich/poor in minerals — riche/pauvre en minéraux

deaf in one ear — sourd d'une oreille

10 cm in length — 10 cm de long

16) (by)

in accepting — en acceptant

in doing so — en faisant cela

17) ( in superlatives) de

the tallest tower in the world — la plus grande tour du monde

18) ( in measurements)

there are 100 centimetres in a metre — il y a 100 centimètres dans un mètre

in centimetres — en centimètres

in a smaller size — dans une taille plus petite

19) ( in ratios)

a gradient of 1 in 4 — une pente de 25%

a tax of 20 pence in the pound — une taxe de 20 pence par livre sterling

to have a one in five chance — avoir une chance sur cinq

20) ( in approximate amounts)

in their hundreds ou thousands — par centaines or milliers

to cut something in three — couper quelque chose en trois

21) ( expressing age)

she's in her twenties — elle a entre vingt et trente ans

people in their forties — les gens qui ont entre quarante et cinquante ans

in old age — avec l'âge, en vieillissant
2.
in and out prepositional phrase

to come in and out — entrer et sortir

to weave in and out of — se faufiler entre [traffic, tables]

to be in and out of prison all one's life — passer la plus grande partie de sa vie en prison
3.
in that conjunctional phrase dans la mesure où
4.
adverb

1) ( indoors)

to come in — entrer

to run in — entrer en courant

to ask ou invite somebody in — faire entrer quelqu'un

2) (at home, at work)

to be in — être là

I'm usually in by 9 am — j'arrive généralement à 9 heures

to come in two days a week — venir deux jours par semaine

to be in by midnight — être rentré avant minuit; keep, stay

3) (in prison, in hospital)

he's in for murder — il a été emprisonné pour meurtre

she's in for a biopsy — elle est entrée à l'hôpital pour une biopsie

4) ( arrived)

the train is in — le train est en gare

the ferry is in — le ferry est à quai

the sea ou tide is in — c'est marée haute; come, get

5) Sport

the ball is in — la balle est bonne

6) ( gathered)

the harvest is in — la moisson est rentrée

7) ( in supply)

we don't have any in — nous n'en avons pas en stock

we've got some new titles in — on a reçu quelques nouveaux titres

to get some beer in — aller chercher de la bière

8) ( submitted)

applications must be in by the 23rd — les candidatures doivent être déposées avant le 23

the homework has to be in tomorrow — le devoir doit être rendu demain; get, power, vote
5.
(colloq) adjective

to be in —

to be the in thing — être à la mode

••

to know the ins and outs of an affair — connaître une affaire dans les moindres détails

to have an in with somebody — US avoir ses entrées chez quelqu'un

to have it in for somebody — (colloq) avoir quelqu'un dans le collimateur (colloq)

you're in for it — (colloq) tu vas avoir des ennuis

he's in for a shock/surprise — il va avoir un choc/être surpris

English-French dictionary > in
10 roll

крен; угол крена; вращение вокруг продольной оси; ( послепосадочный) пробег; разбег; бочка ( фигура высшего пилотажа) ; ( полный) оборот ( вокруг продольной оси) ; создавать крен или угол крена; совершать движение вокруг продольной оси; вращать(ся) вокруг продольной оси; совершать пробег ( по земле) ; катиться; выполнять бочку или маневр с вращением вокруг продольной оси

1/2 roll and 1/2 diving loop — одинарный переворот, полубочка с нисходящей полупетлей

1/2 roll and 1/2 loop — полубочка с полупстлей

1/2 roll off the top — полубочка в верхней точке петли, половина петли с полубочкой (с выходом в нормальный полет) АВ

1/2 roll — полубочка, одинарный переворот через крыло

16-point hesitation roll — управляемая бочка с фиксациями в 16 точках

3 times roll — бочка с тремя фиксациями (по углу крена)

360 degree roll — бочка с полным оборотом вокруг продольной оси

45° ascending slow roll — восходящая управляемая [замедленная] бочка под углом 45°, управляемая бочка на горке с углом 45°

45° climbing roll — восходящая бочка под углом 45° к горизонту

45° descending flick roll — штопорная [быстрая] бочка на снижении под углом 45°, нисходящая штопорная бочка под углом 45°

45° diving roll — нисходящая бочка под углом 45°

4-point hesitation roll — управляемая бочка с фиксациями в четырёх точках

8-point hesitation roll — бочка с фиксациями в восьми точках

90° climbing roll — бочка на восходящей вертикали

90° diving roll — бочка на нисходящей вертикали, бочка в отвесном пикировании

flat pass and victory roll — пролет на постоянной высоте и групповая «бочка победы» (шестёрки самолётов) в строю «клин»

full lateral stick roll — крен при полном боковом отклонении ручки

go into a barrel roll — вводить (самолёт) в бочку с большим радиусом переворота

half roll «on a point» — полубочка с ориентированием (оси самолёта) на выбранную точку

half roll and split-S — переворот через крыло, полубочка с половиной (нисходящей) петли

half roll into an inverted climb — полубочка, переходящая в набор высоты в перевёрнутом положении

half roll out of the top of a loop ( — восходящая) полупетля с полубочкой

half roll to level flight — полубочка для вывода [выхода] в горизонтальный полет

horizontal circle slow roll — медленная [управляемая] бочка при выполнении петли в горизонтальной плоскости или разворота на 360° в горизонтальной плоскости

inverted half-loop and half roll — обратная восходящая полупетля с полубочкой (с выходом в перевёрнутый полет)

inverted snap roll from inverted flight — штопорная [быстрая] перевёрнутая [обратная] бочка из перевёрнутого положения

inward roll during a turn — бочка на вираже с вращением вовнутрь (в сторону виража)

one roll to the right — один оборот вправо (при выполнении бочки); одинарная бочка вправо

place (the aircraft) in a roll — вводить (ЛА) в крен, создавать крен

roll at the top — выполнять (полу)бочку в верхней точке (петли)

roll back to arrowhead — бочки, выполняемые крайними самолётами четвёрки с перестроением из строя «ромб» в строй «наконечник стрелы»

roll back toward level — выводить из крена; уменьшать крен

roll in horizontal circle to the other side of the turn — бочка на горизонтальном вираже с вращением в сторону, противоположную виражу

roll in horizontal circle to the same side of the turn — бочка на горизонтальном вираже с вращением в сторону виража

roll in horizontal circle — бочка на горизонтальном вираже

roll in vertical circle — бочка на петле

roll into a 20-degree angle of bank to the left — накреняться на угол 20° влево

roll into the inoperative engine — накренять(ся) в сторону неработающего двигателя

roll into the turn — создавать креп при вводе в разворот

roll off a loop — полубочка по завершении полупетли, полупетля с переворотом

roll off the overrun — выкатываться за концевую полосу безопасности

roll off the production line — сходить со сборочной линии, выходить из стен завода

roll on top of a loop — бочка в верхней точке петли Нестерова

roll onto the overrun — выкатываться на концевую полосу безопасности

roll out of the bank — выводить (ЛА) из крена [из виража]

roll out of the turn — уменьшать угол крена на выходе из разворота

roll out on final (approach) — разворачиваться [выходить] на конечную прямую (при заходе на посадку)

roll to the left — накреняться) влево

six-ship pass and victory roll — пролет и групповая бочка шестёрки самолётов в знак победы

slow roll in horizontal circle to the other side of the turn — медленная бочка при развороте на 360° в горизонтальной плоскости с вращением в сторону, противоположную развороту

slow roll in horizontal circle to the same side of the turn — медленная бочка при развороте на 360° в горизонтальной плоскости с вращением в сторону разворота

slow roll in horizontal circle — медленная [управляемая] бочка при развороте на 360° в горизонтальной плоскости

slow roll in vertical circle — медленная бочка при выполнении петли

solo 4-point breakaway rolls — раздельно выполняемые двумя самолётами бочки с фиксацией в четырёх точках с расхождением и сближением самолётов

solo eight point roll — одиночная бочка с фиксацией в восьми точках

solo opposing aileron rolls — скоростные бочки, выполняемые двумя самолётами на встречно-параллельных курсах

vertical circle slow roll — медленная [управляемая] бочка при выполнении петли

— AB takeoff roll

— aileron roll

— arrowhead roll

— ascendant roll

— ascending roll

— barrel roll

— braked roll

— carpet roll

— centrifugate inverted roll

— centrifugate roll

— changeover roll

— climbing roll

— complete roll

— computed ground roll

— computed takeoff roll

— crash roll

— death roll

— descending roll

— diamond barrel roll

— diamond roll

— divergent dutch roll

— diving aileron roll

— diving roll

— double roll

— duplex roll

— dutch roll

— fan roll

— flick roll

— fly roll

— formation roll

— four-point cross-over roll

— four-point roll

— full roll

— full-aileron roll

— gear-down roll

— good times roll

— ground roll

— half aileron roll

— half roll out

— half roll

— hesitation roll

— high-rate roll

— horizontal roll

— in roll

— induced roll

— initial ground roll

— inside roll

— inverted barrel roll

— inverted flick roll

— inverted roll

— landing configuration roll

— landing roll

— normal flick roll

— one-and-a-half roll

— opposing slow roll

— opposition twinkle rolls

— outside roll

— programed roll

— rapid roll

— reverse the roll

— roll about

— roll away

— roll in times

— roll in

— roll into final

— roll left

— roll level

— roll off

— roll out

— roll over

— roll up

— six-airplane roll

— sliced roll

— slow roll

— smooth takeoff roll

— snap roll

— solo-opposing slow roll

— start to roll

— steady roll

— super-slow roll

— takeoff roll

— trail roll

— twinkle roll

— ultra-slow roll

— uncontrollable roll

— upward roll

— vertical roll

— victory roll

— well-timed roll

— wing roll

— zero roll

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > roll
11 square

1. n квадрат

exact square — точный квадрат

square off — расчерчивать на квадраты

mean square — квадрат средней величины

setting square — квадрат кулачковой муфты

error mean square — средний квадрат ошибок

integrable square — интегрируемый с квадратом

2. n прямоугольник

long square — прямоугольник

3. n предмет четырёхугольной формы

square of cloth — отрез ткани

square shape — квадратная форма

square waveform — прямоугольная форма волны

square envelope — прямоугольная форма огибающей

4. n полигр. кант

5. n площадь

open square — открытая площадь

red square — Красная площадь

central square — центральная площадь

square foot allocation — выделенная площадь

square footage — площадь в квадратных футах

square measure — квадратная мера, мера площади

6. n сквер

7. n амер. квартал

to pass two squares — пройти два квартала

he lives in the next square — он живёт в соседнем квартале

8. n клетка; поле

square one — первая клетка

Queening square — поле превращения

promotion square — поле превращения

9. n угольник; чертёжный треугольник

set square — угольник

try square — угольник

back square — анслажный угольник

center square — центровочный угольник

standard square — поверочный угольник

10. n мат. квадрат величины, вторая степень

perfect square — квадрат простого числа

to bring a number to a square — возводить число в квадрат

dead square — точный квадрат

Latin square — латинский квадрат

Pearson square — квадрат Пирсона

least square — наименьший квадрат

magic square — магический квадрат

11. n единица площади, равная 100 квадратным футам

квадратная схема, построенная на основе двух бинарных признаков

square foot — квадратный фут

square mesh — квадратный меш

square yard — квадратный ярд

square inch — квадратный дюйм

square mile — квадратная миля

12. n пренебр. мещанин, обыватель, «добропорядочный» буржуа; консерватор

13. n пренебр. «правильный» человек, человек, не имеющий дурных пристрастий

squares and homosexuals — нормальные люди и гомосексуалисты

square meshed — имеющий квадратные ячейки

square shooter — честный и справедливый человек

14. n пренебр. бот. три подцветника цветка хлопчатника

three houses to the square mile — три дома на квадратную милю

15. n пренебр. род кроссворда

word square — род кроссворда

16. n пренебр. уст. правило; критерий; образец

to govern the body by the square of prudence — подчинять плоть голосу разума

17. a квадратный, имеющий квадратную форму

square area — площадь, квадратура

square nut — квадратная гайка

square bar — квадратный прокат

square meter — квадратный метр

square metre — квадратный метр

square km — квадратный километр

18. a прямой; прямоугольный

square back — прямой корешок

square sail — прямой парус

square outline — прямоугольный силуэт

square chin — квадратный подбородок

square jaw — массивная челюсть

square wave signal — прямоугольный сигнал

square oscillation — прямоугольное колебание

square slideway — прямоугольная направляющая

square well — прямоугольная потенциальная яма

square section ways — прямоугольные направляющие

19. a четырёхугольный

square piece — четырёхугольный кусок

20. a идущий под прямым углом, перпендикулярный

the picture is not square with the ceiling — картина висит криво

square tee — тройник с врезкой ответвления под прямым углом

square mouth shovel — совковая лопата с прямой кромкой

flat square tube — плоский экран со спрямленными углами

directly as the square — прямо пропорционально квадрату

drive square — внутренний четырехгранник под ключ

21. a мат. взятый в квадрате, квадратичный

square number — квадрат целого числа

square butt weld — стыковой сварной шов без скоса кромок

technique of least square — метод наименьших квадратов

integrated square error — интеграл квадрата ошибки

magic Latin square — магический латинский квадрат

square interpolation — квадратичная интерполяция

22. a широкий, раздавшийся

square man — коренастый человек

23. a редк. клетчатый

square game — игра, в которой участвуют четыре человека

24. adv прямо, как раз, непосредственно

she ran square into him — она прямиком налетела на него

square stem — прямой форштевень

on the square — под прямым углом

square tuck — прямая корма без подзора

square shearing — резка под прямым углом

25. adv под прямым углом, перпендикулярно

the path went square off to the left — тропинка под прямым углом уходила влево

square tube — кинескоп со спрямленными углами

mitre square — угольник с углами в 45 радусов

hatch square — пространство трюма под люком

recessed square — отверстие под ключ

to sit square — сидеть прямо

26. adv лицом; лицом к лицу

27. adv разг. честно, без обмана

the boy means square — мальчик не обманывает

square butt joint — стыковое соединение без скоса кромок

square thing — честная сделка; честный поступок

square joint — соединение без скоса кромок

fair and square — честный и справедливый

28. adv разг. полностью, безоговорочно, твёрдо

29. adv разг. как положено, как надо

they were married, square and regular — они поженились, всё как положено

30. v придавать квадратную форму

square cutting tool — режущий инструмент квадратного сечения

square cell array — антенная решетка с квадратными ячейками

square neck carriage bolt — болт с квадратным подголовком

square bar steel — сталь для прутка квадратного сечения

take the square root — извлекать квадратный корень

31. v делать прямоугольным

square wave modulation — модуляция прямоугольными импульсами

square wave oscillator — генератор прямоугольных импульсов

square core — сердечник с прямоугольной петлей гистерезиса

square wave generator — генератор прямоугольных колебаний

square wave amplifier — усилитель прямоугольных сигналов

32. v выравнивать, обтёсывать под прямым углом

to square a piece of wood — обтёсывать кусок дерева

square up — выравнивать

adjustable square — угломер

square corner — прямой уголок

square hit — прямое попадание

33. v распрямлять, выпрямлять

34. v мат. возводить в квадрат

to square a number — возводить целое число в квадрат

least square method — метод наименьших квадратов

square formation — боевой порядок в два эшелона

grid square — квадрат сетки координат

lattice square — решетчатый квадрат

blinking square — мигающий квадрат

35. v мат. определить площадь, измерять площадь

square moment of area — момент инерции площади

square moment of inertia — момент инерции площади

the house fronts the square — дом выходит на площадь

36. v мат. приводить в порядок, улаживать, урегулировать

37. v мат. сбалансировать; рассчитаться

to square up with a waiter — рассчитаться с официантом

be square with — рассчитаться с; расплатиться с

square accounts with — рассчитаться; расплатиться с

get square with a person — рассчитаться; расплатиться с

38. v мат. разг. платить

square creditors — уплатить кредиторам

39. v мат. разг. подкупать

to square the police — уладить дело с полицией

40. v мат. соответствовать, отвечать

his practice does not always square with his theories — его поступки не всегда соответствуют его теориям

does this square with your conception of the phenomenon? — согласуется ли это с вашим пониманием данного явления?

square with logistic requirements — соответствовать потребностям материально-технического обеспечения

41. v мат. приноравливать, приспосабливать, согласовывать, сообразовывать

42. v мат. мерить, соразмерять

43. v мат. спорт. сравнять счёт

44. v мат. спорт. изготавливаться к бою

45. v мат. смело встретить, встретить грудью

to square up to difficulties — смело браться за преодоление трудностей

Синонимический ряд:

1. conservative (adj.) conservative; traditional

2. conventional (adj.) button-down; conventional; orthodox

3. fair (adj.) candid; dispassionate; equitable; fair; fair-minded; impartial; impersonal; indifferent; just; liberal; nondiscriminatory; nonpartisan; non-partisan; objective; straightforward; unbiased; uncolored; undistinctive; unprejudiced; unprepossessed

4. four-sided (adj.) boxy; cubic; equal-sided; four-sided; foursquare; quadrangular; quadrate; quadratic; quadratical; rectangular; right-angled

5. straight (adj.) equal; even; exact; level; perpendicular; plumb; precise; quit; squared; straight; true

6. fogy (noun) antediluvian; fogram; fogy; fossil; fuddy-duddy; mid-Victorian; mossback; stick-in-the-mud

7. plane figure (noun) block; box; cube; equal-sided rectangle; plane figure; quadrate; quadrilateral; rectangle; tetragon

8. plaza (noun) common; forum; green; market place; open space; park; piazza; plaza; town common

9. agree (verb) accord; agree; check; check out; cohere; comport; concur; conform; consist; consort; correspond; dovetail; fit in; go; harmonise; harmonize; jibe; jive; march; match; rhyme; tally

10. bribe (verb) bribe; buy; buy off; fix; have; sop; tamper with

11. clear (verb) clear; clear off; discharge; liquidate; pay; pay up; quit; satisfy

12. even (verb) equal; equalise; equate; even; level

13. fit (verb) acclimate; acclimatise; accommodate; adapt; adjust; conform; fashion; fit; quadrate; suit; tailor; tailor-make

14. mend (verb) mend; reconcile; resolve; settle

15. just (other) accurately; bang; exactly; just; precisely; right; sharp; spang; squarely

Антонимический ряд:

circle; contradict; exacerbate; indefinite; radical; unfair

English-Russian base dictionary > square

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

four-up and one-back formation

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

four-up and one-back formation

См. также в других словарях:

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